U Rwanda rugiye gutangiza isuzuma rya mburugu ryihuse mu gihugu hose mu 2026

Mu rwego rwo kurwanya burundu indwara ya mburugu ituruka ku mubyeyi igahitana n’umwana, u Rwanda ruteganya gutangiza uburyo bushya bwo kuyipima byihuse (rapid test) bitarenze mu ntangiriro za 2026, mu mavuriro yose y’igihugu.

U Rwanda ruri mu myiteguro yo gutangiza uburyo bushya bwo gupima indwara ya mburugu hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ritanga ibisubizo vuba (rapid test), aho biteganyijwe ko iyi gahunda izatangira gukorwa mu mavuriro atandukanye bitarenze intangiriro za 2026.

Iyi gahunda izashyirwa mu bikorwa mu rwego rwo kugabanya no kurandura burundu ubwandu bwa mburugu buturuka ku mubyeyi bugahererekanywa ku mwana, bityo bigafasha kugera ku ntego y’Isi yo kuyirandura burundu bitarenze 2030.

Mburugu ni indwara ishobora kwanduza umwana ataravuka binyuze mu iyanyuma (placenta) cyangwa igihe cyo kumubyara. Iyo umwana ayanduye ataravuka, ashobora kuvukana ibibazo bikomeye birimo kuvuka afite ibilo bikeya, kuvuka imburagihe, kugwingira, kwangirika k’ubwonko ndetse rimwe na rimwe bishobora no kumuhitana.

Dr. Charles Berabose, Umuyobozi w’Agashami gashinzwe kurwanya indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RBC), yavuze ko ubu buryo bushya buzafasha gupima mburugu ku bagore batwite hakiri kare.

Yagize ati, “Mburugu ntikunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso, ari na yo mpamvu usanga abagore benshi batabimenya ko bayirwaye. Iyo itamenyekanye kare, umwana aba ari mu kaga.”

Ubusanzwe mu Rwanda abagore batwite bapimwa hakoreshejwe uburyo buzwi nka Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR), ariko iyo test isaba byibura amasaha abiri kugira ngo hamenyekane ibisubizo. Ibi bikaba bibangamira bamwe mu babyeyi badafite uko basubira kuri laboratwari, cyangwa ibisubizo bigatinda.

Ni muri urwo rwego hateguwe uburyo bwa ‘rapid test’, buzajya butanga ibisubizo mu minota 30 gusa. Dr. Berabose yavuze ko ubu buryo buzajya bukorwa umugore agihabwa serivisi, bityo bigafasha muganga gufata umwanzuro ako kanya.

Ubu buryo bushya buzaba buri muri gahunda yiswe ‘Triple Elimination Test Panel’, igamije kurwanya icyarimwe mburugu, virusi itera SIDA (VIH) ndetse n’umwijima wo mu bwoko bwa B (Hepatitis B).

Abakozi bo muri laboratwari mu gihugu bamaze guhugurwa kuri iyi gahunda, ndetse hateganywa no guhugura abakozi bo kwa muganga ku buryo bwo gukoresha ibi bizamini bishya.

Ku rwego rw’igihugu, imibare ya RBC igaragaza ko 95% by’abagore babyarira kwa muganga, naho 98% by’abatwite baba barigeze kwisuzumisha nibura inshuro imwe. Ibi ni amahirwe akomeye yo kugera kuri buri mubyeyi agasuzumwa hakiri kare.

Umubyeyi usanganywe mburugu ahabwa ubufasha ako kanya, aho aterwa dose eshatu z’umuti witwa benzathine penicillin mu byumweru bitatu, bikamurinda we n’umwana atwite.

U Rwanda kandi ruri gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), igamije kugabanya ubwandu bwa mburugu buturuka ku babyeyi bukajya munsi y’abagore 50 kuri buri ababyeyi ibihumbi 100 babyaye.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara bya mburugu y’abana bavukanye nayo

Paneli A: igaragaza udusate ku nyayo z’umwana ukivuka (neonatal plantar rash).

Paneli B: igaragaza gusesema cyangwa kuzana amazi menshi mu mazuru ku mwana muto (snuffles).

Paneli C: igaragaza udusebe dusatuye two ku gice cy’inyuma cy’umwana (erosive lesions ku matako).

Ibimenyetso bya mburugu y’igice cya kabiri bigaragara mu kanwa no ku ruhu

Paneli A: igaragaza condyloma lata yo mu kanwa (utubyimba duto dukunze kugaragara mu gihe cy’iyi ndwara).

Paneli B: igaragaza agace k’icyasha ku rurimi (mucosal patch).

Paneli C, D, na E: zerekana udusate ku nyayo z’ibirenge (plantar rash), ku ntoki n’ibirenge (palmar rash), no ku gatuza n’umugongo (truncal rash) uko zikurikirana.

Ibimenyetso bya mburugu y’Abana bavukanye nayo bigaragara mu gusuzuma hifashishijwe “Echo”, “Radiographie” no ku mubiri

Paneli A: igaragaza ibimenyetso by’ifuku yongereye ubunini (placentomegaly) ku kigero kirenze 95% ugereranyije n’igihe cy’inda, hifashishijwe isuzuma rya “ultrasound” (echo).

Paneli B na C: zerekana kwangirika kw’amagufwa ya “radius” na “ulna” (periostite) hamwe n’udusate tw’utubyimba ku mubiri (maculopapular rash), ibi byose ni ibimenyetso by’mburugu y’abana bavukanye yo mu gihe cyayo cyo hambere (early congenital syphilis).